Buteogallus urubitinga is found throughout a wide range across the Neotropics, from coastal Mexico through Central America and into much of South America. It primarily inhabits tropical and subtropical forests, lowland river basins, wetlands, and mangrove swamps, often staying close to water sources. Although it generally occupies natural ecosystems, it is sometimes observed near agricultural zones or rural human settlements with adjacent forest cover.

Adults measure approximately 22 to 26 inches in length and have a wingspan reaching 50 to 55 inches. They are easily identified by their broad wings, large head, hooked pale gray beak, and striking dark plumage, often with blackish upperparts and slate-gray underparts. The legs are yellow, and the tail is short with a single broad white band visible in flight. Buteogallus urubitinga uses a distinct perching posture, often remaining still and upright for long periods while surveying for prey. It primarily feeds on snakes, frogs, crustaceans, fish, and small mammals, using its powerful talons to capture prey near the ground or water’s edge. This species is known to hunt along riverbanks and flooded forests, sometimes gliding slowly just above the water to scan for movement. Unlike many raptors, it is frequently solitary or seen in pairs but rarely forms larger groups. The species is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a stable population trend across its wide range.