Melanerpes carolinus is a medium-sized woodpecker native to the eastern United States, ranging from southern Minnesota and the Great Lakes to Florida and westward to Texas. It inhabits mixed woodlands, forest edges, swamps, and increasingly, suburban and urban parks with large trees. The species has adapted well to human-altered environments and is frequently observed in residential areas, especially where mature hardwoods or utility poles are present for nesting and foraging. This species is considered common and its population is stable; breeding population is estimated at approximately 14 million individuals.

The bird is about 9 to 10 inches long, with a wingspan around 13 to 17 inches. It is identified by its black-and-white barred back, light gray face and underparts, and a bright red cap extending from the bill to the nape in males, while females have red only on the nape and above the bill. Melanerpes carolinus has a unique rolling call and drumming pattern used to communicate or establish territory. It drills cavities in dead trees for nesting, which are reused or taken over by other species. Its diet consists of insects, fruits, nuts, seeds, and occasionally small vertebrates. It is known for a habit of storing food in tree bark crevices or holes, a behavior observed year-round but most actively in fall and winter. In urban areas, it frequently visits bird feeders, particularly those offering suet, peanuts, or sunflower seeds.