Icterus mesomelas is distributed from southern Mexico to northwestern Colombia. It primarily inhabits tropical and subtropical environments, including forest edges, scrublands, and open woodlands, but is also frequently seen in agricultural areas and near human settlements.

This species reaches a length of approximately 8 inches and is recognized for its stark coloration, with a yellow body and black mask extending across the face, throat, and upper chest, as well as black wings and tail. Males and females exhibit similar coloration, although females may be slightly duller. Icterus mesomelas is known for its vocal complexity, producing a varied series of whistles, harsh notes, and chatter that it uses for both territorial defense and mate attraction. It builds a deep hanging nest made of plant fibers and grasses, often suspended from the tips of tree branches. The species feeds on insects, nectar, and small fruits, occasionally visiting flowering trees to forage. Icterus mesomelas is currently classified as a species of Least Concern. Photographed in northern Colombia.