Dryocopus lineatus is widely distributed throughout Central and South America, ranging from Mexico to northern Argentina. It inhabits a variety of forest types, including tropical lowland rainforests, secondary woodlands, mangroves, plantations, and gallery forests, typically up to elevations of about 6,000 feet. It also occurs in disturbed areas and has adapted to human-modified environments such as forest edges, farmlands, and rural gardens. While the species is not known to establish populations outside of its native range, it is relatively tolerant of habitat degradation, which contributes to its wide presence across its natural distribution.

Adults measure about 13 to 14 inches in length and are characterized by a striking red crest and a contrasting black-and-white plumage. Both sexes exhibit similar markings, though males have a red malar stripe, while females do not. This species feeds primarily on insects, particularly ants and beetle larvae, which it extracts from tree trunks and branches using a strong chisel-like bill and a long, barbed tongue. It also consumes fruits and occasionally small vertebrates. One of its most recognizable behaviors is the loud, rhythmic drumming it produces on trees as a form of communication and territory marking. It typically nests in cavities excavated in dead or decaying trees, with breeding occurring during the dry season, and both parents sharing incubation and chick-rearing duties. Dryocopus lineatus is classified as a species of Least Concern due to its extensive range and stable population. Photographed in northern Colombia.