Balearica regulorum is native to the eastern and southern regions of sub-Saharan Africa. It typically inhabits wetlands, marshes, riverbanks, and grasslands, especially areas with shallow water that support vegetation for nesting and foraging. The species has also been observed in cultivated lands and pasture areas, indicating some tolerance for modified landscapes. It remains relatively widespread.

The species stands about 3.3 feet tall and displays a notable golden crown of stiff, bristle-like feathers atop its black head. Its cheeks are white with a bright red gular sac, and its plumage is mostly gray with a white wing patch and chestnut markings near the tail. Unlike most cranes, it has a long hind toe that enables it to perch in trees. Balearica regulorum is known for elaborate courtship dances that include coordinated leaps, wing spreading, and bowing. It feeds on a mixed diet of insects, frogs, seeds, and small reptiles, and will stamp its feet to disturb prey in grassy areas. The current estimated population ranges between 26,500 and 33,500 individuals, with declining numbers attributed to wetland drainage, agricultural expansion, and illegal removal of eggs or chicks for trade. Balearica regulorum is listed as "Endangered" on the IUCN Red List due to ongoing declines in population and habitat quality.