Tigrisoma fasciatum is distributed throughout parts of Central and South America. The species primarily inhabits fast-flowing mountain streams, forested riverbanks, and lowland rivers at elevations ranging from sea level up to approximately 6,500 feet. It shows a preference for shaded watercourses with rocky beds and dense vegetation. It remains within its natural range and does not exhibit widespread displacement into urban areas or habitats outside its typical ecological zone. Tigrisoma fasciatum is considered stable in terms of population and is not currently listed as endangered. It is typically encountered alone or in pairs, maintaining a wide but sparse presence across its range.

Adults measure approximately 25 to 28 inches in length and are identifiable by their heavily barred brown, black, and buff plumage, which provides effective camouflage among leaf litter and forest shadows. The neck is long and sinuous with bold horizontal barring, while the head is narrow with a sharp, pointed beak suited for spearing fish. The species is crepuscular and sometimes nocturnal, foraging in low light conditions. It remains motionless for long periods while waiting for prey, which includes small fish, crustaceans, and aquatic insects. The species emits a low, frog-like croaking call and occasionally a drawn-out moan, often at dusk or during territorial displays. Juveniles are darker and more uniformly streaked than adults, and transition into adult plumage over the course of several molts. Photographed in northern Colombia.