Guajira is the northernmost part of Colombia. The region is ecologically and culturally distinct from the rest of Colombia. As you travel north from the lush foothills of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the landscape transitions dramatically—from tropical forests and humid foothills to xeric shrublands, salt flats, and desert dunes within just a short drive. This transformation marks your entry into one of Colombia’s only true desert regions, along with the Tatacoa Desert in Huila. La Guajira is home to the Wayuu people, the largest indigenous group in Colombia. The Wayuu maintain a semi-nomadic lifestyle including goat herding, artisanal weaving, and rainwater harvesting. The region’s arid climate and scarcity of freshwater—exacerbated by erratic rainfall, poor infrastructure, and political neglect—make daily life particularly difficult. Malnutrition and child mortality remain concerns in remote areas. The Cerrejón mine, one of the largest open-pit coal mines in the world, is located in the region. Despite being one of Colombia’s poorest and most underdeveloped departments the coastal desert landscapes are striking, with sand dunes merging into turquoise waters, and salt flats, such as those in Manaure, creating surreal scenery. Cabo de la Vela and Punta Gallinas—the northernmost point of South America—are popular among adventurous travelers seeking remote, off-the-grid experiences. The area also includes the Macuira National Natural Park, a rare desert cloud forest. Travel here requires planning, a 4x4 vehicle, and local guidance, especially in more remote areas, La Guajira is well worth visiting for those interested in Colombia’s geographic extremes, indigenous heritage, and stark natural beauty. Precautions are necessary due to infrastructure limitations, fuel shortages, and sporadic security issues, especially near the Venezuelan border.