Opuntia cochenillifera (Cochineal Cactus)

Native to Mexico, this succulent shrub or small tree develops a woody trunk and branched, flattened stem segments. It is cultivated and naturalized in Colombia’s Caribbean lowlands. Its upright red to scarlet flowers have long stamens and a projecting style; the fruit becomes red when ripe.

The species was historically cultivated as a host for cochineal insects, which yield the red dye carmine. This industry was already established in Mexico before the Spanish conquest. Its fruit is edible, and the young stem segments have a citrus-like flavor and can be eaten raw or cooked in salads, soups and other dishes. Detached stem pads root readily and are used to propagate new plants. Photographed in the department of Atlántico, Colombia.