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Wide view of Lima cityscape with a mix of residential buildings and mountains in the distance
Lima, Peru

Lima is the capital and largest city of Peru, situated on the country’s central western coast along the Pacific Ocean with a population of approximately 11 million people, making it the fifth-largest city in Latin America and by far the most populous in Peru.

The city lies within a coastal desert zone, bordered by the Andes Mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Despite its seaside location, Lima has an arid subtropical desert climate, with annual rainfall rarely exceeding 0.4 inches. Skies are frequently overcast, and humidity remains high throughout the year.

Summers (December to April) are warm and humid, with daytime temperatures typically ranging from 27–30°C (81–86°F). Winters (June to September) are cooler and cloudier, averaging 15–18°C (59–64°F). A coastal fog known as La Garúa often blankets the city in winter, reducing sunlight but not producing measurable rain.

Despite being located in a desert, Lima supports a large urban population, with much of its water supply coming from rivers such as the Rímac, which originate in the Andes. Elevated districts like Miraflores and Barranco overlook steep cliffs facing the Pacific Ocean, and the city extends inland through a network of valleys and dry hills.

Wide shot of Lima, Peru from an elevated position showing dense urban neighborhoods and the Pacific Ocean
Rocky Pacific coastline in Lima with crashing waves and a panoramic view of the distant city skyline
View of modern skyscrapers in Lima’s Miraflores district overlooking the beach and cliffs
Rocky Pacific coastline in Lima with crashing waves and a panoramic view of the distant city skyline
Rocky Pacific shoreline in Lima with gentle waves, dark cliffs topped by modern high-rises, and a cloudy coastal sky
View of the coastal city of Lima from Cerro San Cristóbal with the sea and cityscape stretching into the distance
Historic Plaza Mayor de Lima with tall palm trees, colonial-era buildings, and people walking and relaxing in the central green square.
Front view of the Cathedral of Lima in Plaza Mayor with people walking and palm trees in the foreground
Peruvian Government Palace in Plaza Mayor, Lima with palm trees, flags, and people in the square
Ornate bronze fountain at Plaza Mayor in Lima surrounded by colonial architecture and palm trees
The yellow colonial-style Iglesia La Ermita viewed through green trees and a park bench in Barranco, Lima
Moorish Arch of Miraflores at sunset with its red-and-white striped archway and two ornate towers, surrounded by trees and distant mountains

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