Pseudosphinx tetrio (tetrio sphinx) is a large hawk moth found through the American tropics and subtropics, from southern Brazil through Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean to the southern United States. The adult is mottled gray and brown with a wingspan approaching five inches, but the caterpillar is more conspicuous: black with bright yellow rings, a red-orange head and legs, and a long black tail horn.

Larvae feed heavily on plants that produce milky latex, especially frangipani, and also use related hosts such as allamanda. Their warning coloration is associated with chemical defenses obtained from the host, and the caterpillars often feed together when young. A mature larva leaves the plant and pupates in soil or leaf litter. Adults fly at night and use a long proboscis to take nectar while hovering. Photographed in Tayrona, Colombia.