Castilleja pumila is native to the high-altitude páramo ecosystems of the northern Andes, typically above 11,000 feet. It is one of the smallest species in the genus, forming low mats that hug the ground. This hemiparasitic perennial attaches to the roots of neighboring grasses and herbs to supplement its nutrition while producing its own photosynthesis. Its distribution is limited to open páramo grasslands and rocky slopes. The plant is characterized by its diminutive size and compact clusters of brightly colored bracts. The bracts range from scarlet to crimson with green and yellow margins, enclosing small tubular flowers that are partially hidden. Its flattened rosette form contrasts with the taller, spike-forming Castilleja species of the Andes, making it visually distinctive within the genus. Photographed in Peru.